一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的病人，出現呼吸急促、心跳過速及瀕死感。下列哪項為優先護理措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, tachycardia, and a sense of impending doom. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- AEncourage the client to discuss the source of their anxiety鼓勵個案討論其焦慮來源
- BStay with the client and maintain a calm, quiet environment✓ 正解陪伴個案並維持安靜平和的環境
- CAdminister an as-needed dose of alprazolam給予處方劑量的阿普唑侖（alprazolam）
- DInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示個案向紙袋內呼吸
面對恐慌發作的病人，護理師應留在病人身邊提供安全感，並將環境刺激降至最低，這是降低焦慮的核心步驟。紙袋呼吸（D）現已不建議，因可能導致缺氧；藥物（C）為二線處置；與病人討論焦慮源（A）應在病人情緒穩定後再進行，發作當下病人無法有效對話。
The priority intervention during a panic attack is to stay with the client and maintain a calm, quiet environment to reduce sensory stimulation and provide reassurance. Discussing anxiety sources or administering medication are secondary steps taken after the client stabilizes. Paper bag breathing is no longer recommended due to the risk of hypoxia if the underlying cause is not purely hyperventilation.
美國護理師在急診處理這類病人時更強調環境減刺激的護理主導作為，台灣則常較早會診精神科醫師給藥。