護理師照護一位自戀型人格障礙的個案。應預期觀察到什麼行為？
A nurse is managing the care of a client with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. What behavior should the nurse anticipate?
- ASocial withdrawal and discomfort in close relationships.社交退縮及在親密關係中感到不適
- BSuspiciousness and distrust of others.對他人懷有疑慮和不信任
- CExtreme fear of separation or abandonment.極度害怕分離或被遺棄
- DConstant need for admiration and lack of empathy.✓ 正解持續需要讚美且缺乏同理心
自戀型人格障礙（NPD）的核心特徵是誇大自我（grandiosity）、需要被讚美，以及缺乏同理心。在臨床護理中，這類個案常表現出對特殊待遇的需求，並可能在護理師未能滿足其期待時感到憤怒或貶低醫護人員。護理師應保持專業且限制性的邊界（therapeutic boundaries），避免被其操弄或陷入權力鬥爭。其他選項分別對應不同的性格障礙：分離焦慮為邊緣性或依賴性，多疑為偏執型，社交退縮則常與思覺失調型或逃避型有關。
The core features of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are grandiosity, a need for admiration, and lack of empathy. In clinical care, these patients often demand special treatment and may become angry or devalue staff when their expectations are not met. The nurse should maintain professional, limit-setting therapeutic boundaries to avoid being manipulated or drawn into power struggles. The other options correspond to different personality disorders: separation anxiety is more typical of borderline or dependent types, suspiciousness of paranoid, and social withdrawal of schizoid or avoidant types.