— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人被發現意識不清,血糖 45 mg/dL。護理師應先做什麼?
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious, with a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. What should the nurse do first?
- APrepare to administer Dextrose 50% intravenously✓ 正解準備靜脈注射 50% 葡萄糖溶液
- BCall the physician聯絡醫師
- CAdminister 15g of fast-acting carbohydrate給予 15 克速效碳水化合物
- DCheck the client's vital signs測量病人的生命徵象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對意識不清且低血糖(45 mg/dL)的個案,首要考量是「窒息風險」。由於病人失去意識,強行口服給予糖分極易導致吸入性肺炎,因此必須採取靜脈途徑給予高濃度葡萄糖(D50W)。NCLEX 考題中,當病人出現急性生命威脅(意識改變、嚴重低血糖)時,優先順序為介入改善生理指標,而非僅僅是評估或呼叫醫師。
The priority for an unconscious client with severe hypoglycemia is rapid correction of low blood sugar to prevent brain damage. Oral carbohydrates are contraindicated due to the high risk of aspiration in an unresponsive patient. Therefore, administering intravenous dextrose is the safest and most effective initial intervention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國,這類情況屬於護理師的自主權範圍內(Emergency protocol),護理師不需等待醫師下指令即可依照醫院的「低血糖處理流程(Hypoglycemia protocol)」立即靜脈給藥。