— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正為病人靜脈注射氯化鉀，下列哪項護理措施最恰當？
A nurse is administering a dose of intravenous potassium chloride to a client. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- AAdminister the medication at a rate of 50 mEq/hr以每小時 50 mEq 的速度給藥
- BEnsure the infusion is diluted and administered via an infusion pump✓ 正解確保輸注液已稀釋並透過輸注幫浦給藥
- CAdminister the medication via IV bolus push經靜脈推注給藥
- DMonitor for bradycardia as the primary side effect監測心跳過緩作為主要副作用
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有極強的組織刺激性，絕對禁止直接推注，必須稀釋並使用輸液幫浦定量控制速度，以防高血鉀導致心律不整。標準給藥速率通常不超過 10 mEq/hr（周邊靜脈），且需監測心電圖變化，預防嚴重心臟毒性。
Intravenous potassium chloride must always be diluted and administered via an infusion pump to prevent life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias caused by rapid infusion. Direct IV push is strictly prohibited due to the risk of cardiac arrest, and infusion rates typically do not exceed 10 mEq/hr through peripheral veins to minimize tissue irritation and systemic toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆嚴禁推注，台灣藥師會預先配製好定量藥液，美國護理師常需自行計算濃度並確保稀釋正確。