— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師需為病人執行濃縮紅血球（PRBCs）輸血，下列哪些是正確的執行步驟？（選所有適合的）
A client is ordered to receive a transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Which actions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the blood product with another nurse at the bedside✓ 正解在床邊與另一位護理師核對血液製品
- BUse normal saline to prime the transfusion tubing✓ 正解使用生理食鹽水沖洗輸血管路
- CStart the transfusion at a rapid rate for the first 15 minutes在前 15 分鐘以快速速率開始輸血
- DMonitor vital signs before, during, and after the transfusion✓ 正解在輸血前後及過程中監測生命徵象
- EUse a 20-gauge or larger needle for the infusion✓ 正解使用 20 號或更大針頭進行輸注
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
輸血屬於高風險護理操作。正確流程包括：兩人床邊核對身分與血袋資訊、僅能使用生理食鹽水建立管路、起始 15 分鐘應極緩慢輸注以觀察是否有急性溶血反應、使用 20G 以上管徑防止紅血球溶血。C 選項錯誤，前 15 分鐘必須慢速，不可快速。
Blood transfusions require strict safety protocols, including two-nurse verification at the bedside to prevent administration errors. Only normal saline should be used to prime tubing because it is compatible with blood products, whereas other solutions may cause hemolysis. Nurses must monitor vital signs before, during, and after the transfusion and use a 20-gauge or larger needle to prevent damage to red blood cells.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆嚴格執行雙人核對，台灣部分醫院對於輸血管路的更換與過濾器使用有更細緻的院內規範。