護理師的哪項行動體現了「自主原則(Autonomy)」這項倫理準則?
Which action by the nurse demonstrates the ethical principle of Autonomy?
- ATreating all clients on the unit with equal care regardless of their background.無論背景為何,以同等護理對待病房內的所有病人
- BEnsuring the client receives pain medication at the scheduled interval.確保病人按時程間隔接受止痛藥物
- CSupporting a client's decision to refuse a life-saving blood transfusion.✓ 正解支持病人拒絕救命輸血的決定
- DKeeping a promise to return to the client's room in 10 minutes to help them walk.遵守承諾,10分鐘後回到病人房間協助其步行
自主原則(Autonomy)是指病人有權利對自己的醫療照護做出決定,即使護理人員或醫師認為該決定對病人的健康不利。這項原則要求醫療人員尊重病人的價值觀與選擇權。在本題中,支持病人拒絕輸血的決定(即使這可能有生命危險,如耶和華見證人信徒)是自主原則的最典型體現。給予止痛藥(B)較偏向行善原則(Beneficence);平等對待病人(A)體現的是公義原則(Justice);遵守承諾(D)則是守信原則(Fidelity)。在護理管理中,確保病人的自主權受到法律(如知情同意)與倫理的保障是核心責任。
The ethical principle of autonomy respects a client's right to make decisions about their own care, even if those decisions may result in harm or death, such as refusing a blood transfusion. Other options reflect different principles: treating clients equally reflects justice, administering pain medication reflects beneficence, and keeping promises reflects fidelity.
在美國,自主原則(Autonomy)是醫療倫理的核心,病人有法律保障的拒絕權(Right to Refuse)。在台灣,醫療文化中常存在「家屬代為決定」的情況,或是受到「孝道」與「救到底」的觀念影響,病人的純粹自主權有時會受到家庭意見的干預,護理師在推動自主原則時需處理更複雜的家庭動態。