護理師照護一位頸椎損傷病人。對此病人最重要的評估為何?
A nurse is caring for a client with a cervical spine injury. Which assessment is the priority for this client?
- AMuscle strength in the lower extremities評估下肢肌力
- BLevel of consciousness評估意識水準
- CRespiratory rate and effort✓ 正解評估呼吸頻率與努力程度
- DBladder distention評估膀胱脹滿情形
頸椎損傷(cervical spine injury)的病人,其最主要的臨床風險是呼吸功能受損,尤其當損傷位置在較高的頸椎(如 C3-C5)時,可能影響到膈神經(phrenic nerve)的功能。膈神經支配橫膈膜,是主要的呼吸肌。一旦橫膈膜功能受損,病人可能出現呼吸肌麻痺,導致呼吸衰竭,危及生命。因此,護理師的臨床思路必須嚴格遵循「ABC」原則(Airway, Breathing, Circulation),將呼吸評估置於所有評估之首,以確保病人有足夠的氧合和通氣。
For a client with a cervical spine injury, assessing respiratory rate and effort is the priority because high-level injuries can compromise the phrenic nerve and diaphragm function. Following the ABCs of emergency care, airway and breathing take precedence over neurological assessments like muscle strength or bladder distention to ensure adequate oxygenation.
美國護理強調對 C-spine 穩定與呼吸支持的同步性;台灣臨床多由急診端完成初步固定。