— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
哪些處置適合診斷為急性胰臟炎的病人？（選所有適合的）
Which interventions are appropriate for a client diagnosed with acute pancreatitis? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain NPO status✓ 正解維持禁食狀態
- BAdminister IV fluids✓ 正解給予靜脈輸液
- CAdminister opioids for pain management✓ 正解給予鴉片類藥物以控制疼痛
- DEncourage a high-fat diet to maintain calories鼓勵攝取高脂肪飲食以維持熱量
- EPlace the client in a side-lying position with knees flexed✓ 正解讓病人採取側臥位並屈膝
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎治療重點：1. 禁食（NPO）讓胰臟休息；2. 靜脈輸液（IVF）維持循環；3. 給予嗎啡類止痛（Morphine/Fentanyl）；4. 採側臥膝蓋彎曲姿勢減輕腹痛。高脂肪飲食會刺激胰酶分泌導致疼痛加劇，故選 E 而非 D。
Management of acute pancreatitis focuses on resting the pancreas by maintaining NPO status and correcting hypovolemia through aggressive IV fluid administration. Severe pain is managed with opioids, and positioning the client side-lying with knees flexed helps relax abdominal muscles to reduce discomfort.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常使用 PCA 給藥，台灣對於胰臟炎疼痛控制在臨床單位可能需較頻繁申請醫囑。