— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · MCQ —
一名結核病病人需進行空氣隔離。下列哪項護理介入對護理師而言至關重要？
A client is placed on airborne precautions for tuberculosis. Which intervention is essential for the nurse to perform?
- APlace the client in a positive pressure room將病人安置於加壓病房
- BEnsure the client wears a surgical mask during transport✓ 正解確保病人在轉送期間佩戴外科口罩
- CWear a standard surgical mask upon entering the room進入病房時佩戴標準外科口罩
- DChange gloves after every contact每次接觸後更換手套
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
結核病（Tuberculosis, TB）屬於空氣傳播（Airborne）疾病，病原體可懸浮於空氣中並長距離移動。空氣隔離的核心目標在於防止具傳染性的飛沫核（Droplet nuclei）擴散。在病人必須離開隔離病房進行檢查或轉送時，病人佩戴外科口罩可作為「來源控制（Source control）」，攔截其呼吸道噴出的病原體，保護環境與他人安全。
For airborne precautions like tuberculosis, the client must wear a surgical mask during transport to contain infectious droplet nuclei at the source. Healthcare providers require N95 respirators for entry, and the client should be placed in a negative-pressure room.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對於結核病隔離的原則高度一致，均嚴格執行負壓隔離與 N95 呼吸防護。美國醫療機構對於「感染控制（Infection Control）」的稽核極為嚴格，護理師需定期進行 N95 的密合度測試（Fit testing）。