一位步態不穩的病人有極高的跌倒風險。護理計畫中最合適的措施是?
A client with an unsteady gait is at high risk for falls. Which intervention is most appropriate to include in the plan of care?
- APlace the client's bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將病人的病床保持在最低位置
- BApply soft wrist restraints使用軟式腕部約束帶
- CInstruction the client to walk only when the nurse is present指示病人僅在護理師在場時方可行走
- DKeep all four side rails in the up position將所有四片床欄拉起
對於步態不穩的病人,預防跌倒(fall prevention)是護理照護的首要安全考量。核心概念在於創造一個安全的環境,並教育病人與家屬如何降低跌倒風險。將病床保持在最低位置,能有效縮短病人下床時與地面的距離,即使不慎跌倒,也能減輕衝擊力道,降低受傷的嚴重性。這是一項標準且普遍採用的環境安全措施,旨在最大程度地減少跌倒發生的可能性及其潛在傷害。 臨床思路強調安全優先,所有措施都應以病人的福祉為核心。對於有跌倒風險的病人,護理師應綜合評估其認知能力、肢體功能、用藥情況及環境因素,並採取多面向的預防策略,如提供適當的輔助工具、確保環境整潔無障礙、並定期評估跌倒風險。
Keeping the bed in the lowest position with wheels locked is a standard environmental safety measure that reduces the distance of a potential fall, thereby minimizing injury risk. This intervention is non-restrictive and effective for clients with unsteady gaits compared to restraints or isolation.
美國 NCLEX 強調「避免約束」的概念,四個側欄常被判定為錯誤選項;台灣臨床實務中,高風險病人拉起四側欄仍屬常見。