執行高噴濺風險的處置時，哪項 PPE 是必須的？

標準防護措施（Standard Precautions）要求在執行任何可能發生血液、體液噴濺的醫療處置時，必須保護眼、鼻、口黏膜。高噴濺風險處置包括氣管內抽吸、傷口沖洗或處理大量出血等。面罩或護目鏡能有效阻擋飛沫與噴濺物，防止傳染性病原體透過黏膜侵入人體。在臨床決策中，PPE 的選用應基於對處置過程風險的評估，而非僅考慮接觸風險。

Standard Precautions require protection of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth during any procedure in which splashes of blood or body fluids may occur. High-splash-risk procedures include endotracheal suctioning, wound irrigation, and management of profuse bleeding. A face shield or goggles effectively block droplets and splashes and prevent infectious pathogens from entering the body through mucous membranes. In clinical decision-making, the choice of PPE should be based on an assessment of the risk during the procedure, not on contact risk alone.