— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 5 歲兒童預計進行兒童預防保健門診。此年齡通常建議施打哪種疫苗?
A 5-year-old child is scheduled for a well-child visit. Which immunization is typically recommended at this age?
- ARotavirus vaccine輪狀病毒疫苗
- BPneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)肺炎鏈球菌結合疫苗 (PCV13)
- CHepatitis B boosterB型肝炎疫苗加強劑
- DDTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) booster✓ 正解DTaP(白喉、破傷風、百日咳)疫苗加強劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
根據美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)的兒童疫苗接種時程,5 歲兒童在進入小學前需完成一系列的追加劑(booster doses)。這些疫苗旨在強化嬰幼兒時期接種後的免疫保護力,預防白喉、破傷風、百日咳、小兒麻痺、麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹及水痘等傳染病。護理師應確保個案疫苗接種紀錄完整,以符合入學規定並保障群體免疫。
According to CDC guidelines, a 5-year-old child should receive booster doses of vaccines such as DTaP to strengthen immunity acquired during infancy. These boosters are essential before school entry to prevent diseases like diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, ensuring both individual protection and community herd immunity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣與美國疫苗時程大同小異,但美國小學入學前對 MMR 與水痘疫苗的追加要求通常由各州衛生法規嚴格執行,護理師需確認學校要求。