— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估一位創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的病人，預期會發現哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlashbacks of the traumatic event✓ 正解創傷事件的閃回
- BAvoidance of reminders associated with the trauma✓ 正解避開與創傷相關的提醒物
- CIncreased arousal and hypervigilance✓ 正解過度喚醒和高警觉
- DEnhanced ability to focus on daily tasks增強專注於日常任務的能力
- ENegative alterations in mood and cognition✓ 正解情緒和認知的負面改變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
PTSD 的核心診斷基準包含重新體驗（閃回、惡夢）、逃避行為（避開相關場所或人）、警覺性過高（驚嚇反應、睡眠障礙）以及認知與情緒的負面變化。能力提升（選項 D）非 PTSD 特徵，相反地，病人通常會因焦慮而專注力下降。
Clients with PTSD commonly exhibit re-experiencing symptoms like flashbacks, avoidance of trauma reminders, hyperarousal such as hypervigilance, and negative alterations in mood and cognition. These symptoms reflect the core diagnostic criteria and often impair concentration rather than enhance daily functioning.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國對於 PTSD 的篩檢與長期支持體系較成熟，台灣目前多以短期住院或精神科門診治療為主。