— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
下列哪項對懷孕個案屬於初級預防？
Which of the following is a primary prevention measure for a pregnant client?
- AGestational diabetes screening妊娠糖尿病篩檢
- BFolic acid supplementation✓ 正解補充葉酸
- CUltrasound for anomaly detection超音波檢查以偵測異常
- DAmniocentesis羊膜穿刺術
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防（Primary prevention）的目的在於「防範疾病發生」。補充葉酸（Folic acid）能顯著降低胎兒發生神經管缺陷（如脊柱裂）的機率，這是在懷孕初期最關鍵的預防措施，因此屬於初級預防。其他選項（糖尿病篩檢、超音波、羊膜穿刺）皆屬於產前篩檢或診斷，目的是為了早期發現母胎病況，屬於次級預防。
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs, making folic acid supplementation the correct choice as it significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Other options like gestational diabetes screening, ultrasound, and amniocentesis are considered secondary prevention because they focus on early detection and diagnosis rather than prevention.