護理師對心臟衰竭病人進行居家管理指導，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with heart failure about managing the condition at home. Which statements should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AWeigh yourself daily at the same time each morning.✓ 正解每天早晨同一時間稱重
- BNotify the provider if you gain more than 3 lbs (1.4 kg) in a day.✓ 正解如果一天內體重增加超過 3 磅（1.4 公斤），請通知醫師
- CIncrease your intake of sodium to maintain fluid balance.增加鈉攝取以維持體液平衡
- DTake an extra dose of your diuretic if you notice swelling.如果發現水腫，請額外服用一劑利尿劑
- ELimit your activity to prevent overexertion.✓ 正解限制活動以防止過度疲勞
此題旨在評估護理師對心臟衰竭（Heart Failure, HF）病人居家自我管理衛教的知識。心臟衰竭是一種慢性疾病，病人需要積極參與自我管理以控制症狀、預防急性惡化並提高生活品質。護理師的衛教內容應涵蓋體重監測、飲食控制、活動限制以及何時尋求醫療協助等關鍵方面。 正確答案 A、B、E 都是心臟衰竭病人居家管理的重要內容。每日監測體重可以早期發現體液滯留，體重在短時間內顯著增加是心臟衰竭惡化的重要指標，需立即通知醫師。適度限制活動有助於減少心臟負荷，但並非完全臥床。這些措施共同幫助病人維持體液平衡，減少心臟負擔，並及早發現潛在問題。 臨床思路：護理師在衛教心臟衰竭病人時，應著重於賦予病人自我照護的能力。除了上述內容，還應包含限制鈉和液體攝取、按時服用藥物、接種流感和肺炎疫苗，以及識別惡化症狀（如呼吸困難加劇、水腫惡化、疲倦增加）並知道何時求助。衛教應使用易懂的語言，並鼓勵病人提問，確保他們充分理解並能在家中實踐這些管理策略。在美國，強調病人參與和自我管理是慢性病照護的基石。
This item assesses the nurse's knowledge of home self-management teaching for clients with heart failure (HF). HF is a chronic condition and patients must actively participate in self-management to control symptoms, prevent acute exacerbations, and improve quality of life. Teaching should cover weight monitoring, dietary control, activity limits, and when to seek medical help. Options A, B, and E are correct: daily weight monitoring detects fluid retention early, sudden weight gain is a key indicator of decompensation, and moderate activity limitation reduces cardiac workload. Sodium should be limited (not increased), and patients should not self-adjust diuretic doses. Education should also include adherence to medications, flu and pneumonia vaccinations, and recognition of worsening symptoms such as increased dyspnea, edema, or fatigue.