下列哪些行為能預防多重抗藥性病原體（MDRO）擴散？（選所有適合的）
Which actions prevent the spread of MDROs (Multidrug-Resistant Organisms)? (Select all that apply.)
- AContact precautions✓ 正解接觸防護措施
- BHand hygiene before and after contact✓ 正解接觸前後執行手部衛生
- CEnvironmental cleaning with high-level disinfectants✓ 正解使用高效能消毒劑進行環境清潔
- DAdministering antibiotics to all clients in the unit為病房內所有病人施用抗生素
- EDedicated equipment for MDRO clients✓ 正解為 MDRO 病人提供專屬設備
多重抗藥性病原體（MDROs）的控制核心在於阻斷傳播鏈。預防措施應遵循標準防護（Standard Precautions）基礎，並針對特定病原體加強接觸防護。環境消毒與設備專用化可減少環境汙染源（fomites），勤洗手則是預防交叉感染最有效的單一措施。濫用抗生素會誘發細菌產生抗藥性，因此不應作為預防擴散的手段。
Preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) relies on breaking the chain of transmission through strict adherence to contact precautions, rigorous hand hygiene, and dedicated patient equipment. Environmental cleaning with high-level disinfectants is essential to eliminate resistant pathogens from surfaces. Prophylactic antibiotic administration is inappropriate as it contributes to resistance rather than preventing spread.
美國醫院對 MDRO 的控制極為嚴格，通常會依據 CDC 的《Guideline for Isolation Precautions》執行，且電子病歷系統會自動標記 MDRO 帶菌者，提醒護理師啟動隔離措施。