— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位正在滴注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）的病人。病人出現潮紅、搔癢與低血壓。護理師的首要行動為何？
A nurse is caring for a client receiving Vancomycin infusion. The nurse notes flushing, pruritus, and hypotension. What is the nurse's priority action?
- ASlow the rate of infusion✓ 正解減緩輸注速率
- BAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- CNotify the provider for an order for epinephrine通知醫師開立腎上腺素醫囑
- DDiscontinue the medication immediately立即停止給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
此臨床症狀為「紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）」，通常是因為萬古黴素滴注過快引起的組織胺釋放。首要處置是減慢輸注速度。若症狀緩解則可繼續給藥；若出現過敏性休克（如呼吸困難），才需停止給藥並給予急救藥物。
The priority action is to slow the infusion rate, as the symptoms described indicate Red Man Syndrome caused by rapid histamine release from vancomycin. Slowing the rate allows the body to clear the histamine and often resolves the reaction without discontinuing the medication, whereas epinephrine is reserved for true anaphylaxis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆強調萬古黴素滴注時間需至少 60 分鐘以上，以預防此類反應。