下列哪些藥物屬於需雙重確認的「高警訊藥物」?(選所有適合的)
Which of these are considered 'High-Alert' medications requiring double-checks? (Select all that apply.)
- AInsulin✓ 正解胰島素
- BHeparin✓ 正解肝素
- CAcetaminophen乙醯胺酚
- DPotassium chloride (IV)✓ 正解氯化鉀(靜脈注射)
- EMorphine✓ 正解嗎啡
「高警訊藥物(High-Alert Medications)」是指若給藥錯誤,極易對病人造成重大傷害的藥物。這類藥物通常具備窄治療指數(Narrow therapeutic index),臨床上必須強制執行「雙重確認(Double-check)」機制,即由兩位專業醫護人員獨立核對藥物劑量、病人身份、給藥途徑與時間,以防嚴重用藥失誤。
High-alert medications have a narrow therapeutic index, meaning dosing errors can cause significant harm or death, necessitating double-check protocols. Insulin, heparin, IV potassium chloride, and morphine are classified as high-alert due to their potential for life-threatening complications if administered incorrectly. Acetaminophen does not carry the same immediate risk profile requiring double-verification.
美國醫院評鑑組織(如 The Joint Commission)對高警訊藥物有明確清單規範(ISMP 清單),且多數醫院導入數位化給藥系統(BCMA),雙重確認在美國是必須嚴格落實的護理標準。