— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位顱內壓（ICP）升高的病人，下列何種姿勢最適當？
A nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which position is appropriate for this client?
- ATrendelenburg position特倫德倫堡氏臥位（頭低腳高位）
- BHead of bed elevated to 30 degrees✓ 正解床頭抬高30度
- CSide-lying position with neck flexed側臥位且頸部屈曲
- DSupine position with head flat仰臥位且頭部放平
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
顱內壓（ICP）升高的病人在護理上需特別注意維持腦部的靜脈回流。將床頭抬高 30 度（Head of Bed, HOB elevation）是標準作法，能利用地心引力促進頸靜脈回流，進而降低顱內壓力。若姿勢導致靜脈受壓或腦部灌流阻力增加，則會加重 ICP。護理師需持續評估病人的姿勢，確保頭部維持在中立位（Neutral alignment），避免任何可能阻礙回流的動作。
Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees promotes venous drainage from the brain, thereby reducing intracranial pressure. This position utilizes gravity to facilitate blood flow out of the cranium. Other positions, such as Trendelenburg or neck flexion, can impede venous return and worsen ICP.