— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
一位新診斷第一型糖尿病的病人需學會辨識低血糖症狀，護理師應指導哪些臨床發現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client is taught to recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which clinical findings should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BTremors✓ 正解顫抖
- CPolydipsia多飲
- DConfusion✓ 正解意識混亂
- ETachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖會觸發交感神經反應。冒汗、震顫、心跳過速皆為典型交感神經興奮表現；意識混亂則是腦部缺乏葡萄糖後的初期表現。多渴（Polydipsia）是高血糖而非低血糖的典型症狀，因此不選。衛教時應強調出現上述症狀即刻檢測血糖的重要性。
Hypoglycemia triggers a sympathetic nervous system response, resulting in symptoms such as diaphoresis, tremors, and tachycardia due to catecholamine release. Neuroglycopenia causes confusion as the brain lacks glucose. Polydipsia is a symptom of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
衛教重點全球通用，惟台灣常強調「低血糖包」隨身攜帶，美國則多強調病友團體與持續性血糖監測的使用。