— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位第一型糖尿病患者,其血糖值為 45 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取哪項措施?
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who has a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AAdminister 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates✓ 正解給予 15 公克的速效碳水化合物
- BCheck the client's vital signs測量病人的生命徵象
- CAdminister glucagon intramuscularly肌肉注射升糖素
- DNotify the healthcare provider通知醫療提供者
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖處理原則為補充快速吸收碳水化合物。若病人神智清醒,應由口服開始。15 克糖類能迅速提升血糖,隨後需每 15 分鐘監測一次。注射升糖素用於意識喪失或吞嚥困難者。通知醫師或量生命徵象雖重要,但首要之務是立即改善低血糖帶來的神經損傷危機。
For a conscious client with hypoglycemia, the priority is to administer 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates to quickly raise blood glucose levels. This immediate intervention prevents neurological damage, whereas glucagon is reserved for unconscious clients and notifying the provider occurs after stabilization.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於低血糖 SOP 皆一致,優先給予口服糖水或點心;但在台灣,護理師給予這類處置後通常需補寫醫囑,美國則多有既定給藥規章(Standing Orders)。