— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
急診室中，下列哪位病人應優先安置於獨立房間以防止感染傳播？
Which client in the emergency department should the nurse prioritize for room placement to prevent infection transmission?
- AA client with influenza symptoms and a fever具有流感症狀且發燒的病患
- BA client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis with a persistent cough✓ 正解疑似肺結核且有持續咳嗽的病患
- CA client with localized MRSA in a wound傷口局部感染 MRSA 的病患
- DA client with shingles and intact, crusted lesions帶狀皰疹病灶已完整結痂的病患
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核屬於空氣傳播疾病，需嚴格的負壓隔離與 N95 口罩防護。空氣中懸浮的飛沫核極易傳播，是傳染控制中的高風險項目。帶狀皰疹若結痂則傳染力低；MRSA 為接觸傳染，可採床邊屏風隔離；流感則為飛沫傳染，需距離病人 1 公尺以上或戴外科口罩。
Pulmonary tuberculosis requires airborne precautions in a negative-pressure room because it poses the highest risk for widespread transmission via airborne particles. Other conditions like influenza, MRSA, or crusted shingles involve droplet, contact, or lower-risk transmissions that do not necessitate the same level of strict environmental isolation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於負壓隔離室（AIIR）的建置標準類似，但台灣急診空間狹窄，落實隔離的挑戰較大。