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藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA

病人正在接受華法林(Warfarin)治療。若出現哪些情況,護理師應暫停給藥並聯繫醫師?(選所有適合的)

A client is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which findings indicate the nurse should hold the medication and contact the provider? (Select all that apply.)

  • AINR result of 4.5✓ 正解
    INR 結果為 4.5
  • BDark, tarry stools noted✓ 正解
    注意到黑糞
  • CSmall bruises on lower extremities
    下肢出現小瘀青
  • DComplaint of severe headache✓ 正解
    抱怨劇烈頭痛
  • EBleeding gums during oral care✓ 正解
    口腔護理期間牙齦出血
Explanation · 中文詳解

Warfarin 的治療指標 INR 通常控制在 2.0-3.0 之間(視適應症而定)。INR 4.5 代表抗凝血效果過強,出血風險大增。黑便(潛在消化道出血)、嚴重頭痛(潛在顱內出血)、刷牙出血均為危險徵兆。輕微瘀傷(C)在抗凝血治療中常見,不需立即停藥。

An INR of 4.5 exceeds the therapeutic range, indicating a high risk for bleeding. Dark, tarry stools suggest gastrointestinal hemorrhage, while severe headaches may signal intracranial bleeding. Bleeding gums also indicate excessive anticoagulation, whereas minor bruising is a common, less urgent side effect.

✦ 台美臨床差異

台灣對抗凝血藥物的用藥衛教常結合衛教單張;美國對華法林的居家監測(Home INR testing)更為普及。

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