— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
病人正在接受華法林(Warfarin)治療。若出現哪些情況,護理師應暫停給藥並聯繫醫師?(選所有適合的)
A client is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which findings indicate the nurse should hold the medication and contact the provider? (Select all that apply.)
- AINR result of 4.5✓ 正解INR 結果為 4.5
- BDark, tarry stools noted✓ 正解注意到黑糞
- CSmall bruises on lower extremities下肢出現小瘀青
- DComplaint of severe headache✓ 正解抱怨劇烈頭痛
- EBleeding gums during oral care✓ 正解口腔護理期間牙齦出血
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 的治療指標 INR 通常控制在 2.0-3.0 之間(視適應症而定)。INR 4.5 代表抗凝血效果過強,出血風險大增。黑便(潛在消化道出血)、嚴重頭痛(潛在顱內出血)、刷牙出血均為危險徵兆。輕微瘀傷(C)在抗凝血治療中常見,不需立即停藥。
An INR of 4.5 exceeds the therapeutic range, indicating a high risk for bleeding. Dark, tarry stools suggest gastrointestinal hemorrhage, while severe headaches may signal intracranial bleeding. Bleeding gums also indicate excessive anticoagulation, whereas minor bruising is a common, less urgent side effect.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣對抗凝血藥物的用藥衛教常結合衛教單張;美國對華法林的居家監測(Home INR testing)更為普及。