— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在照護一位近期接受腎臟移植的病人。哪項發現需要立即介入?
A nurse is caring for a client with a recent kidney transplant. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- ADecreased urine output to 300 mL in 8 hours✓ 正解8小時內尿量減少至300 mL
- BBlood pressure of 145/90 mmHg血壓145/90 mmHg
- CClient reports mild fatigue個案報告輕微疲倦
- DMild ankle edema輕微踝部水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
移植腎功能異常的早期跡象之一是尿量顯著減少。300 mL 在 8 小時(約 40 mL/hr)可能表示腎臟無法有效過濾,需要立即評估是否為排斥反應、血管阻塞或尿路阻塞。輕微水腫、血壓偏高、疲勞是移植後常見問題,但尿量驟減是更嚴重的警訊。
A significant decrease in urine output, such as 300 mL over 8 hours, is a critical sign of potential acute kidney rejection or dysfunction and requires immediate intervention. While mild fatigue, edema, or elevated blood pressure may occur post-transplant, oliguria indicates compromised graft function.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國的腎臟移植中心通常有非常嚴謹的術後監測流程,包括每日尿量記錄與細胞毒性檢查;台灣的照護也遵循國際標準,但病人返家後的追蹤與自我監測能力影響甚鉅。