— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位糖尿病病患出現低血糖症狀（顫抖、盜汗、意識混亂）。最合適的第一線護理介入為何？
A client with diabetes mellitus is exhibiting signs of hypoglycemia (shakiness, diaphoresis, confusion). What is the most appropriate first-line intervention?
- AAdminister 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates✓ 正解給予 15 公克快速作用的碳水化合物
- BProvide a high-protein snack提供高蛋白點心
- CCall the primary healthcare provider聯絡主要醫療提供者
- DInject 1 mg of glucagon subcutaneously皮下注射 1 毫克升糖素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對清醒且可吞嚥的低血糖患者，應遵循 15/15 法則，即攝取 15 克快速吸收碳水化合物，等待 15 分鐘後重新測量血糖。高蛋白食物吸收太慢，無法立即緩解低血糖；升糖素僅適用於無法進食或意識不清的患者。
For conscious clients with hypoglycemia who can swallow, the 15/15 rule is the standard: provide 15 g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate, wait 15 minutes, and recheck blood glucose. High-protein foods are absorbed too slowly to relieve acute hypoglycemia, and glucagon is reserved for clients who cannot swallow or who are unconscious.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美護理師皆具備執行 hypoglycemia protocol 的授權，但在台灣若發生多次低血糖，醫師調整藥物的意願通常較主動。