一位放置鼻胃管（NG tube）的病人。驗證管路位置最準確的方法為何？
A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. What is the most accurate method to verify placement?
- AAuscultating over the epigastrium在上腹部進行聽診
- BMonitoring for coughing or choking監測是否有咳嗽或窒息現象
- CTesting the pH of aspirated contents檢測抽吸內容物的 pH 值
- DX-ray visualization✓ 正解X 光影像確認
鼻胃管（NG tube）放置後，驗證位置的「金標準」（Gold standard）是「X 光影像確認」。雖然臨床護理常用 pH 測試（pH < 5 代表在胃中）或抽吸物顏色評估，但這些方法仍有誤置風險（如誤入氣管）。聽診法（Air insufflation）因無法區分管路是在胃部還是食道，已被多項實證指南列為不準確且應避免的方法。為了病人安全，影像學檢查是唯一絕對準確的依據。
The gold standard for verifying NG tube placement is radiographic (X-ray) confirmation. Although bedside nurses often use pH testing (pH < 5 indicates gastric placement) or assess aspirate color, these methods still carry a risk of malposition (such as inadvertent tracheal placement). Air insufflation (auscultation) cannot reliably distinguish gastric from esophageal placement and is now considered inaccurate by multiple evidence-based guidelines. For client safety, radiographic imaging is the only definitive method.