— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人因右腿深部靜脈栓塞(DVT)入院。護理計畫中應包含哪項護理措施?
A client is admitted with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the right leg. Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care?
- AApply cold compresses to the right leg對右腿應用冷敷
- BMassage the affected calf to relieve pain按摩患側小腿以緩解疼痛
- CEncourage bed rest with the affected leg elevated✓ 正解限制卧床休息並將患肢抬高
- DMaintain the client on a fluid restriction of 1 liter per day維持每日1公升的限水飲食
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DVT 護理的核心目標是防止血栓脫落導致肺栓塞(PE)並促進靜脈回流。抬高患肢(C)利用重力幫助靜脈回流,減輕水腫與疼痛。雖然現代實證顯示一旦開始抗凝血治療且症狀緩解後可早期活動,但在 NCLEX 傳統考題與急性期處理中,仍強調抬高肢體與避免劇烈活動。選項 B(按摩)是絕對禁忌,會直接導致血栓脫落變成栓子;選項 A(冷敷)會導致血管收縮,通常建議用熱敷(溫熱)來促進循環與緩解發炎;選項 D(限水)錯誤,DVT 病人應攝取足夠水分以降低血液黏稠度。安全與預防栓塞是此題邏輯核心。
Elevating the affected leg promotes venous return and reduces edema, which aligns with the goal of preventing thrombus dislodgement while managing acute symptoms.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 過去長期強調 DVT 絕對臥床,但近年指引已轉向早期下床。不過,『禁止按摩』與『抬高患肢』仍是台美兩地皆高度一致的標準答案。台灣臨床上對 DVT 病人常會額外加上彈性襪(TED hose)的衛教,但在急性期通常需先由醫師確認血栓穩定度。