病人被診斷為急性腎損傷，護理師應預期觀察到哪些實驗室檢查結果？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory findings should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
- AElevated serum creatinine✓ 正解升高的血清肌酸酐
- BDecreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)降低的血中尿素氮 (BUN)
- CHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀症
- DMetabolic acidosis✓ 正解代謝性酸中毒
- EHypocalcemia✓ 正解低血鈣症
急性腎損傷（AKI）導致腎臟無法維持體內平衡。實驗室觀察重點包括：肌酸酐（Creatinine）因過濾率下降而上升；鉀離子（Potassium）因無法排出而導致高血鉀；代謝性酸中毒（Metabolic acidosis）因氫離子無法排除而產生；鈣離子（Calcium）因維生素 D 活化受阻及磷酸鹽滯留而產生低血鈣。BUN 亦會隨腎功能下降而上升，而非下降。
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes the kidneys to be unable to maintain internal homeostasis. Key laboratory findings include: creatinine rising due to decreased glomerular filtration rate; potassium rising because it cannot be excreted, leading to hyperkalemia; metabolic acidosis from inability to excrete hydrogen ions; and hypocalcemia from impaired activation of vitamin D and phosphate retention. BUN also rises with declining renal function, rather than falling.