— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為一位 20 歲個案執行健康篩檢。下列哪些篩檢是建議的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a health screening for a 20-year-old client. Which screening tests are recommended? (Select all that apply.)
- ABlood pressure check✓ 正解血壓檢查
- BSerum cholesterol test✓ 正解血清膽固醇檢測
- CMammogram乳房攝影檢查
- DCervical cancer screening (Pap test)✓ 正解子宮頸癌篩檢（巴氏塗片檢查）
- EColonoscopy大腸鏡檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對 20 歲年輕成人的健康篩檢，重點在於建立基線資料與早期預防。這包括心血管風險評估（血壓、膽固醇）以及針對特定族群的癌症篩檢。根據 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 指引，抹片檢查建議於 21 歲開始，但 20 歲個案進入門診時，護理師應開始教育此項預防措施。
For a 20-year-old client, screening should focus on establishing baseline cardiovascular health and initiating education for future cancer screenings. Blood pressure checks and serum lipid profiles are recommended to assess early risk factors, while cervical cancer screening via Pap test is indicated starting at age 21.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣的健保預防保健篩檢年齡與美國指引略有不同，美國更強調 USPSTF 的實證醫學指引，例如抹片檢查年齡與大腸鏡起始年齡的調整，赴美執業需特別關注當地指引。