— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師諮詢一位 28 歲女性關於孕前健康，若她對下列疾病無免疫力，護理師應建議接種哪種疫苗？
A nurse is counseling a 28-year-old female client about preconception health. Which vaccination should the nurse advise the client to receive, if she is not immune?
- ATetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine破傷風、白喉及非細胞型百日咳 (Tdap) 疫苗
- BVaricella vaccine✓ 正解水痘疫苗
- CHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine人類乳突病毒 (HPV) 疫苗
- DLive attenuated influenza vaccine活性減毒流感疫苗
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
懷孕期間禁用活病毒疫苗（如水痘、麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹疫苗），因為其具有垂直傳染風險。因此，育齡婦女應在備孕前確認免疫狀態，若對水痘無抗體，建議在懷孕前至少一個月完成接種。Tdap 則建議於懷孕期間接種以保護胎兒，而非備孕期專屬。
Live virus vaccines, such as the varicella vaccine, are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of vertical transmission to the fetus. Women who are not immune should receive the varicella vaccine prior to conception and avoid pregnancy for at least one month afterward. In contrast, Tdap is recommended during each pregnancy to protect the newborn.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國建議孕婦接種 Tdap 以預防百日咳，台灣亦跟進此政策，但執行率仍有提升空間。