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健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ

護理師正與一位健康的 75 歲個案討論臨終關懷。護理師應鼓勵個案完成哪份文件,以確保在失能時其醫療意願能得到尊重?

A nurse is discussing end-of-life care with a healthy 75-year-old client. Which document should the nurse encourage the client to complete to ensure their healthcare wishes are honored if they become incapacitated?

  • AA last will and testament
    最後遺囑
  • BAn advance directive (Living Will)✓ 正解
    預立醫療指示(生前遺囑)
  • CA durable power of attorney for finances
    財務持久授權書
  • DA life insurance policy beneficiary form
    人壽保險受益人表格
Explanation · 中文詳解

臨終關懷的核心概念是尊重個案的自主權,確保其醫療意願在失能時仍能被執行。預立醫療指示(Advance Directive),在美國通常包含生前遺囑(Living Will)和醫療委任代理人(Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare),是個案在意識清楚時預先表達其對未來醫療處置偏好的法律文件。護理師應鼓勵健康的個案完成這類文件,以便在他們無法自行表達時,醫療團隊和家屬能明確了解並遵從其意願,例如是否接受心肺復甦術、呼吸器或人工餵養等。臨床思路應著重於引導個案思考並討論其臨終偏好,確保文件內容清晰且具法律效力。

An advance directive legally documents a client's healthcare preferences for treatment when they are incapacitated. This ensures that the healthcare team and family respect the client's wishes regarding interventions such as resuscitation or mechanical ventilation.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國的預立醫療指示體系較為成熟,常見的包括 Living Will 和 Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare。台灣則有《病人自主權利法》,允許民眾簽署「預立醫療決定」(Advance Decision)並指定「醫療委任代理人」(Healthcare Agent),其功能與美國的 Advance Directive 相似,旨在保障病人在失能時的醫療自主權。兩國的核心精神一致,但具體法規文件名稱和簽署流程可能有所差異,護理師需熟悉當地法規。

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