護理師正與一位健康的 75 歲個案討論臨終關懷。護理師應鼓勵個案完成哪份文件,以確保在失能時其醫療意願能得到尊重?
A nurse is discussing end-of-life care with a healthy 75-year-old client. Which document should the nurse encourage the client to complete to ensure their healthcare wishes are honored if they become incapacitated?
- AA last will and testament最後遺囑
- BAn advance directive (Living Will)✓ 正解預立醫療指示(生前遺囑)
- CA durable power of attorney for finances財務持久授權書
- DA life insurance policy beneficiary form人壽保險受益人表格
臨終關懷的核心概念是尊重個案的自主權,確保其醫療意願在失能時仍能被執行。預立醫療指示(Advance Directive),在美國通常包含生前遺囑(Living Will)和醫療委任代理人(Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare),是個案在意識清楚時預先表達其對未來醫療處置偏好的法律文件。護理師應鼓勵健康的個案完成這類文件,以便在他們無法自行表達時,醫療團隊和家屬能明確了解並遵從其意願,例如是否接受心肺復甦術、呼吸器或人工餵養等。臨床思路應著重於引導個案思考並討論其臨終偏好,確保文件內容清晰且具法律效力。
An advance directive legally documents a client's healthcare preferences for treatment when they are incapacitated. This ensures that the healthcare team and family respect the client's wishes regarding interventions such as resuscitation or mechanical ventilation.
美國的預立醫療指示體系較為成熟,常見的包括 Living Will 和 Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare。台灣則有《病人自主權利法》,允許民眾簽署「預立醫療決定」(Advance Decision)並指定「醫療委任代理人」(Healthcare Agent),其功能與美國的 Advance Directive 相似,旨在保障病人在失能時的醫療自主權。兩國的核心精神一致,但具體法規文件名稱和簽署流程可能有所差異,護理師需熟悉當地法規。