護理師準備為幼童施打 MMR 疫苗。下列哪項是禁忌症？
A nurse is preparing to administer the MMR vaccine to a child. Which of the following is a contraindication?
- AAllergy to eggs對雞蛋過敏
- BPrevious family history of seizures既往家族抽搐病史
- CKnown allergy to Neomycin✓ 正解已知對新黴素過敏
- DHistory of mild cold symptoms輕微感冒症狀病史
MMR（麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹）疫苗屬於活性減毒疫苗。在施打前，護理師必須確認病人的過敏史與免疫狀態。MMR 疫苗在生產過程中含有微量的「新黴素（Neomycin）」以及「明膠（Gelatin）」。若病人對這兩者有嚴重的過敏反應（如過敏性休克），則絕對禁止接種。此外，由於是活性疫苗，免疫功能嚴重低下（如正在化療、長期使用高劑量類固醇）或懷孕婦女亦為禁忌。輕微的感冒症狀（如鼻塞、低燒）並非禁忌，這在 NCLEX 中是常見的誘答選項，旨在測試護理師是否因過度謹慎而延誤預防接種。
The MMR vaccine contains trace amounts of neomycin and gelatin, making a known severe allergy to these components a strict contraindication. While current guidelines indicate that egg allergy is not a contraindication, hypersensitivity to neomycin poses a significant risk of anaphylaxis. Mild illnesses such as a cold do not preclude vaccination, distinguishing them from true immunological contraindications.
台美在 MMR 疫苗的禁忌症指引上基本一致。然而，美國 CDC 對於雞蛋過敏者接種疫苗的限制已大幅放寬，護理師需注意最新的臨床指引，不要誤以為雞蛋過敏就不能打 MMR。