— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
護理師應監測酒精依賴病人戒斷期可能出現的哪些徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which signs or symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a client experiencing the withdrawal phase of alcohol dependence? (Select all that apply.)
- AFine tremors of the hands✓ 正解手部細微震顫
- BDiaphoresis and tachycardia✓ 正解盜汗及心搏過速
- CHypotension and bradycardia低血壓及心搏過緩
- DVisual or tactile hallucinations✓ 正解視覺或觸覺幻覺
- EInsomnia and agitation✓ 正解失眠及煩躁不安
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
酒精戒斷症候群（AWS）主要表現為交感神經過度興奮。症狀包括手部震顫、發汗、心跳過速、失眠、激動不安，嚴重者可能出現幻覺（震顫性譫妄）。低血壓和心跳過緩與戒斷症狀相反，戒斷時通常呈現高血壓與心動過速。
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is characterized by sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, presenting with fine hand tremors, diaphoresis, tachycardia, insomnia, and agitation. Severe cases may progress to visual or tactile hallucinations, whereas hypotension and bradycardia are inconsistent with the expected autonomic overdrive.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對 AWS 皆有標準評估量表（如 CIWA-Ar），美國護理師依此量表給藥之權限較大，台灣則需醫師開立醫囑。