護理師對於氣喘急性發作的病人,預期應給予哪些藥物以達到快速擴張支氣管的目的?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to a client with an acute asthma exacerbation for rapid bronchodilation? (Select all that apply.)
- AAlbuterol✓ 正解Albuterol(沙丁胺醇)
- BIpratropium✓ 正解Ipratropium(異丙托溴銨)
- CSalmeterolSalmeterol(沙美特羅)
- DMontelukastMontelukast(孟魯司特)
- ELevalbuterol✓ 正解Levalbuterol(左旋沙丁胺醇)
氣喘急性發作需要的是短效型支氣管擴張劑。Albuterol(沙丁胺醇)與 Levalbuterol(左旋沙丁胺醇)屬於 SABA(短效型 β2 受體致效劑),能迅速舒緩氣管痙攣;Ipratropium(異丙托溴銨)為抗膽鹼藥物,常與 SABA 併用以加強效果。Salmeterol 為長效型不適用於急性;Montelukast 為白三烯調節劑,屬長期控制用藥。
For rapid bronchodilation during an acute asthma exacerbation, the nurse should expect to administer short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) such as albuterol and levalbuterol. Ipratropium, an anticholinergic agent, is often used in combination with SABAs to enhance acute relief, whereas long-acting agents like salmeterol and montelukast are reserved for maintenance therapy.
台美臨床對這類藥物的使用指引高度一致,皆遵循 GINA 指引,重點在於區分急救用藥與保養用藥。