— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在給予靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin），病人出現臉頸部潮紅、低血壓及搔癢。護理師應採取什麼行動？
A nurse is administering a dose of IV vancomycin. The client develops flushing of the face and neck, hypotension, and pruritus. Which action should the nurse take?
- AAdminister an antihistamine immediately立即給予抗組織胺
- BCall the Rapid Response Team呼叫快速反應小組
- CIncrease the IV fluid rate增加靜脈輸液速率
- DSlow the rate of infusion✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
此臨床表現為典型的「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome），這是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快引發組織胺釋放所致。治療策略為暫停輸注，待症狀緩解後以較慢的速度繼續給藥。並非過敏反應，因此不需要額外注射抗組織胺，除非症狀嚴重或無法緩解。
This presentation is classic for Red Man Syndrome, caused by histamine release when vancomycin is infused too rapidly. The treatment is to slow (or briefly pause) the infusion and then restart at a slower rate. It is not a true allergic reaction, so antihistamines are not first-line unless symptoms are severe or persistent.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師依醫囑或 protocol 調整速度，台灣則多需向值班醫師回報後再調整輸注速率。