— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師執行輸血作業時,哪些行動是必要的?(選所有適合的)
Which nursing actions are essential when administering a blood transfusion? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the blood product with another licensed nurse✓ 正解由另一位具執照護理師共同查對血液製品
- BInfuse the blood using a large-bore needle (e.g., 18 or 20 gauge)✓ 正解使用大口徑針頭(例如 18 或 20 號)輸注血液
- CWarm the blood to room temperature using a microwave使用微波爐將血液加熱至室溫
- DMonitor vital signs during the first 15 minutes✓ 正解在前 15 分鐘內監測生命徵象
- EUse only 0.9% Normal Saline for flushing or priming✓ 正解僅使用 0.9% 生理食鹽水沖洗或預充管路
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
輸血屬於高危險性護理程序,必須嚴格遵循安全規範以預防溶血性輸血反應。核心原則包括:雙人核對(Two-nurse verification)以確保血液與病人配對無誤、保持通路通暢(18-20G 針頭)、使用專用輸血器(含濾網)及只能使用 0.9%生理食鹽水。任何其他溶液(如葡萄糖液)皆會導致血液溶血,微波加熱則會破壞紅血球結構。
Safe blood transfusion practices include verifying the product with another licensed nurse and using a large-bore needle to prevent hemolysis. Vital signs must be monitored closely during the first 15 minutes for early reaction detection, and only 0.9% normal saline should be used for priming, as other fluids can cause clotting or cell destruction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國,輸血必須由兩名有執照的人員(通常是兩名護理師,或是依據醫院政策由護理師與醫師)在床邊共同簽名核對。台灣臨床亦嚴格要求雙人核對,兩者標準高度一致。