— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為高齡長者進行健康促進宣導，應建議接種哪些疫苗？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting a health promotion session for older adults. Which vaccinations should the nurse recommend to this population? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfluenza vaccine✓ 正解流感疫苗
- BPneumococcal vaccine✓ 正解肺炎球菌疫苗
- CShingles vaccine✓ 正解帶狀皰疹疫苗
- DRotavirus vaccine輪狀病毒疫苗
- ETetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap)✓ 正解破傷風、白喉及百日咳疫苗 (Tdap)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高齡族群免疫力下降，更需疫苗接種保護。流感為年度必備；肺炎鏈球菌預防嚴重感染；帶狀皰疹（Shingles）針對 50 歲以上成人預防神經痛；Tdap 針對百日咳提供群體保護。輪狀病毒主要針對嬰幼兒，對長者非建議項目。
Older adults require enhanced immunization due to age-related immune decline. The influenza, pneumococcal, shingles, and Tdap vaccines are essential for preventing serious respiratory infections, neuralgia, and maintaining herd immunity against pertussis. Conversely, the rotavirus vaccine is indicated for infants and is not recommended for elderly populations.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國疫苗接種資源普及，藥局即可接種；台灣則多需至基層診所或醫院預約接種，部分疫苗（如帶狀皰疹）需自費。