— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一名第一型糖尿病病人意識喪失，血糖 45 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取哪項措施？
A client with type 1 diabetes is found unresponsive with a blood glucose of 45 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse prioritize?
- AProvide orange juice by mouth經口提供柳橙汁
- BAdminister 50% dextrose IV push✓ 正解靜脈推注50%葡萄糖
- CPerform a neurological assessment進行神經學評估
- DAdminister subcutaneous insulin皮下注射胰島素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
意識喪失的嚴重低血糖（Severe hypoglycemia）屬於醫療緊急狀況。病人因意識不清，吞嚥反射受損，此時給予口服碳水化合物有高度吸入性肺炎（Aspiration pneumonia）的風險。護理師必須依據醫囑執行靜脈給藥（IV push D50W），以最快速度提升血糖至安全範圍，恢復大腦供能。這是典型的 ABC（Airway, Breathing, Circulation）護理原則應用，優先保障中樞神經功能。
For an unresponsive client with severe hypoglycemia, administering intravenous 50% dextrose is the priority to rapidly restore brain function and prevent permanent damage. Oral carbohydrates are contraindicated due to the high risk of aspiration in an unconscious patient, and insulin administration would dangerously lower blood glucose further.