— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位低血鉀病患。下列何者為護理師需優先擔憂的發現？
A nurse is caring for a client with hypokalemia. Which finding should the nurse recognize as a priority concern?
- AIrregular heart rhythm on the monitor✓ 正解監測器顯示心律不整
- BMuscle weakness肌肉無力
- CLeg cramps腿部痙攣
- DDecreased bowel sounds腸鳴音減弱
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀（Hypokalemia）對人體最嚴重的影響在於電生理穩定性。鉀離子參與心肌細胞的去極化與再極化過程，低血鉀會導致心電圖改變（如 ST 段下移、T 波平坦、出現 U 波）以及心律不整。在臨床上，心律不整可能迅速惡化為致命性的心室顫動（Ventricular Fibrillation），因此，發現心律不整是優先考慮的危急情況。
The most serious consequence of hypokalemia is its effect on electrophysiologic stability. Potassium plays a role in the depolarization and repolarization of myocardial cells, and hypokalemia produces ECG changes (such as ST-segment depression, T-wave flattening, and U waves) as well as dysrhythmias. Clinically, these arrhythmias can rapidly progress to lethal ventricular fibrillation, so an irregular cardiac rhythm is the priority finding.