— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師教導 COPD 病人呼吸練習。下列哪項技術最有效？
A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about breathing exercises. Which technique is most effective?
- APursed-lip breathing✓ 正解縮唇呼吸
- BRapid, shallow breathing快速淺層呼吸
- CForced expiration強制性呼氣
- DHolding the breath after inhalation吸入後憋氣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）病人因肺泡彈性喪失與氣道塌陷，容易發生空氣滯留（Air trapping）。縮唇呼吸（Pursed-lip breathing）透過呼氣時縮起嘴唇，能產生呼氣正壓（Positive Expiratory Pressure, PEP），這股壓力能撐開氣道，延緩氣道塌陷，使肺泡內的氣體能更有效地排出。這種技巧能減少呼吸功，緩解呼吸困難（Dyspnea）。淺快呼吸或憋氣會增加呼吸功與二氧化碳（CO2）滯留，強制呼氣則會導致氣道提早塌陷。
Pursed-lip breathing creates positive expiratory pressure that helps keep airways open during exhalation, preventing premature collapse and reducing air trapping in clients with COPD. This technique facilitates the expulsion of carbon dioxide and decreases the work of breathing, thereby alleviating dyspnea more effectively than rapid or forced breathing methods.