— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師評估急性膽囊炎病患時，預期會發現哪項臨床表徵？
A nurse is assessing a client with acute cholecystitis. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
- ARight upper quadrant pain radiating to the right scapula✓ 正解右上腹痛放射至右肩胛骨
- BLower left quadrant abdominal pain左下腹疼痛
- CBurning epigastric pain relieved by food進食後緩解的上腹部灼熱痛
- DPain radiating to the left shoulder放射至左肩的疼痛
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性膽囊炎（Acute cholecystitis）的典型疼痛是右上腹（RUQ）持續性劇痛，並常放射至右肩或右肩胛骨下方。這是由於發炎的膽囊刺激橫膈膜的神經（膈神經），經由反射路徑導致肩部牽涉痛。臨床評估時，病人常出現墨菲氏徵象（Murphy's sign），即深吸氣時按壓右上腹會因疼痛而突然停止吸氣。
Acute cholecystitis typically presents with right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the right scapula or shoulder due to irritation of the diaphragm. This referred pain pattern is a hallmark sign distinguishing it from other abdominal conditions. Other options describe pain patterns associated with different pathologies, such as diverticulitis or peptic ulcer disease.