— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正進行肝素(heparin)皮下注射。下列何者為正確操作步驟?
A nurse is administering a dose of heparin via subcutaneous injection. Which action is appropriate?
- AMassage the site vigorously after injection注射後用力按摩注射部位
- BAspirate before injecting the medication注射前進行抽吸
- CInject into the abdominal fat at least 2 inches from the umbilicus✓ 正解注射至距離臍部至少 2 英吋的腹部脂肪層
- DUse a 1-inch needle for the injection使用 1 英吋長的針頭進行注射
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝素(Heparin)皮下注射的核心原則是確保藥物進入皮下脂肪層,同時避免損傷微血管或造成組織刺激。選擇腹部脂肪區是基於藥物吸收穩定性,並需避開肚臍周圍以免引起瘀青。正確操作包括注射時捏起皮膚皺褶,確保藥物進入正確深度,且注射後嚴禁按摩,以免引發皮下出血或血腫。此操作強調安全(Safety)與減少組織損傷(Tissue trauma)。
Heparin should be injected into the abdominal fat at least 2 inches from the umbilicus to ensure consistent absorption and reduce the risk of bruising. Aspiration and vigorous massage of the site are contraindicated as they can cause tissue trauma and increase bleeding.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣部分臨床單位仍有護理人員習慣抽吸或按摩,但在 NCLEX 考試中,必須嚴格遵守實證醫學指引:肝素注射絕對不抽吸、不按摩。