— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，應包含哪些行動？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ADilute the medication properly as per policy✓ 正解依規定適當稀釋藥物
- BAdminister the infusion via a central line if possible✓ 正解若可能，透過中心靜脈管路給藥
- CEnsure the infusion rate does not exceed 10 mEq/hour✓ 正解確保輸注速率不超過10 mEq/小時
- DMonitor the site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解監測穿刺部位是否有靜脈炎的跡象
- EAssess urinary output before administration✓ 正解給藥前評估尿液排出量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有強烈刺激性，靜脈給藥極易造成血管炎與組織壞死。給藥前需確認腎功能（尿量正常），以防高血鉀。給藥速度嚴格限制以預防心律不整，且需監控輸注部位。由於外周血管風險高，中心靜脈導管（CVC）為更佳選擇。
Intravenous potassium chloride is highly irritating to veins and can cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmias if administered too rapidly, so it must be properly diluted and infused at rates not exceeding 10 mEq/hour. Nurses should monitor renal function via urinary output, assess the infusion site for phlebitis, and prefer central line administration when possible to minimize vascular damage.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院針對高危險藥物給藥流程非常嚴格，通常需雙人核對；台灣則視醫院評鑑等級而定，但對於給藥安全性之要求趨於一致。