— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師向病人說明 Warfarin 抗凝治療，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about warfarin therapy. What should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持維生素 K 豐富食物的攝取量一致
- BReport unusual bleeding or bruising immediately✓ 正解立即報告異常出血或瘀青
- CUse a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷
- DStop the medication if you get a minor cut如果受到輕微割傷，請停止用藥
- EAvoid medications containing aspirin without consulting your provider✓ 正解未經諮詢醫療提供者，避免服用含有阿斯匹靈的藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin（Coumadin）是一種口服抗凝血劑，透過抑制維生素 K 依賴性凝血因子發揮作用。病人的衛教重點在於：1. 維持維生素 K 攝取恆定，避免飲食劇烈變動導致藥效不穩。2. 出血警訊監測（如牙齦出血、瘀青、血尿）。3. 減少受傷出血風險（如使用軟毛牙刷）。4. 避免藥物交互作用（如阿斯匹靈會增加出血風險）。若發生小傷口，應加壓止血，絕不可擅自停藥，否則會增加血栓風險。
Clients should maintain consistent vitamin K intake to stabilize INR levels, report unusual bleeding, use soft-bristled toothbrushes, and avoid aspirin without consulting a provider. Stopping warfarin for minor cuts is incorrect as it increases the risk of clot formation.