— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。為確保病人安全，下列哪些行動是必須的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client. Which action is essential to ensure client safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify that the potassium is diluted in an appropriate volume of fluid✓ 正解確認鉀離子已適當稀釋於足夠體積的液體中
- BAdminister via an IV pump to regulate infusion rate✓ 正解通過靜脈幫浦給藥以調節輸注速率
- CAssess the patency of the peripheral IV site before starting✓ 正解開始輸注前評估周邊靜脈通路的通暢性
- DAdminister as an IV bolus to correct the deficit quickly以靜脈推注方式給藥以快速糾正缺乏
- EMonitor for cardiac arrhythmias during the infusion✓ 正解輸注期間監測心律不整
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有強烈刺激性，嚴禁靜脈直接推注（bolus），否則會導致心跳停止。輸注鉀離子必須確保足夠稀釋（通常小於 10 mEq/100 mL）、使用輸液幫浦精確控速、並確認靜脈通道暢通以防滲漏導致組織壞死，同時需監測 ECG 防止心律不整。
Intravenous potassium must be properly diluted and administered slowly via an infusion pump to prevent phlebitis, tissue necrosis from infiltration, and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Direct IV bolus injection is strictly contraindicated as it can cause immediate cardiac arrest, while monitoring patency and ECG changes is essential for safe delivery.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆強調鉀離子高警訊藥物管理；在台灣，此類給藥通常屬於雙人核對（Double check）範疇。