護理師應對採取飛沫防護病人的家屬提供哪項指導？
Which instruction should the nurse give to the family of a client on droplet precautions?
- AYou should wear a surgical mask if you are within 3 to 6 feet of the client.✓ 正解如果您在病人3至6英尺範圍內，您應該佩戴外科口罩。
- BNo special equipment is needed for visitors.訪客不需要特殊裝備。
- CYou must wear an N95 respirator at all times.您必須一直佩戴N95呼吸器。
- DYou must wear a gown and gloves before entering the room.進入房間前您必須穿著隔離衣和手套。
核心概念是飛沫防護（Droplet precautions）的具體執行標準。飛沫（如流感、百日咳、腦膜炎）顆粒較大，通常在重力作用下會迅速掉落，其影響範圍一般定義在病人周圍 3 到 6 英尺。因此，當家屬或醫療人員進入這個距離範圍內時，必須配戴外科口罩以預防感染。對於家屬的指導應清晰且具操作性，強調物理距離與口罩使用的關聯性，這不僅保護了家屬，也防止了病原體在醫院內的進一步傳播。
The core concept is the specific implementation standard of droplet precautions. Droplets (such as from influenza, pertussis, meningitis) are large particles that fall rapidly under gravity, with their range of influence generally defined as within 3 to 6 feet around the patient. Therefore, when family members or healthcare workers enter this distance, they must wear a surgical mask to prevent infection. Instructions to family members should be clear and actionable, emphasizing the relationship between physical distance and mask use. This not only protects family members but also prevents the further spread of pathogens within the hospital.
台美在飛沫隔離的距離界定上略有差異（台灣有時強調 1 公尺，美國 CDC 則強調 3-6 英尺）。NCLEX 考試中，3-6 feet (或 1-2 meters) 是標準答案範圍，且強調「外科口罩」而非 N95。