— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人新入院確診為開放性肺結核。護理師應執行哪種隔離防護措施？
A client is newly admitted with active tuberculosis. Which isolation precaution should the nurse implement?
- AProtective environment保護性環境
- BAirborne precautions✓ 正解空氣隔離措施
- CContact precautions接觸隔離措施
- DDroplet precautions飛沫隔離措施
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
開放性肺結核（Active TB）透過空氣微粒（airborne droplet nuclei, <5 微米）傳播。這類微粒可長時間懸浮於空氣中。因此，感染控制措施必須包含空氣傳播預防措施（Airborne Precautions），包括安排在負壓隔離病房（Negative pressure room）以及進入病室時配戴 N95 口罩。
Active pulmonary tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei (<5 microns). These particles can remain suspended in the air for extended periods. Therefore, infection control measures must include airborne precautions, including placement in a negative-pressure isolation room and use of an N95 respirator when entering the room.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，肺結核病人的隔離解除需經過嚴格的痰液檢查陰性報告，且護理師需定期進行 PPD 皮內測試或 QuantiFERON-TB Gold 檢測，確保職場安全。