— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
護理師衛教病人正確的人體力學以預防背部受傷，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about proper body mechanics to prevent back injuries. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the object close to the center of gravity✓ 正解將物體靠近重力中心
- BTwist the torso while lifting heavy objects搬運重物時扭轉軀幹
- CUse the muscles of the legs to lift✓ 正解使用腿部肌肉搬運
- DMaintain a wide base of support by spreading feet✓ 正解張開雙腳以擴大支撐基底
- EBend at the waist to pick up items彎腰撿拾物品
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
正確的人體力學（Body mechanics）核心在於降低脊椎受力，透過縮短力臂、運用大肌群及擴大支撐基底來維持脊椎中立位。正確做法是將物品靠近身體重心，利用腿部強而有力的股四頭肌（Quadriceps）而非背部肌群發力。同時，調整雙腳距離以增加支撐面，能有效提升平衡與穩定度。臨床上，任何扭轉或彎腰動作都會對椎間盤造成極大剪力，必須絕對避免。
Proper body mechanics reduce spinal strain by keeping objects close to the center of gravity and using strong leg muscles for lifting. Clients should maintain a wide base of support for stability and avoid twisting the torso or bending at the waist, as these actions increase shear forces on the intervertebral discs.