— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教育慢性腎衰竭病人，下列哪些觀念是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about management of chronic renal failure. Which of the following is correct? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor daily weight✓ 正解監測每日體重
- BRestrict potassium intake✓ 正解限制鉀攝取
- CIncrease protein intake to regain muscle mass增加蛋白質攝取以恢復肌肉量
- DMonitor blood pressure daily✓ 正解每日監測血壓
- ELimit fluid intake according to I/O balance✓ 正解根據進出量平衡限制水分攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎衰竭（CKD）病人因腎臟排泄功能喪失，需嚴格監測液體平衡與電解質。每日量體重是監測液體滯留最靈敏的指標；限鉀是為了預防高血鉀引發致命性心律不整；控血壓能減緩腎功能惡化；限水則是為了預防肺水腫。蛋白質攝取需限制（而非增加），因為蛋白質代謝產生的含氮廢物（BUN）需由腎臟排泄，攝取過多會加重尿毒症狀。
Daily weight monitoring is essential to track fluid retention, while potassium restriction prevents life-threatening hyperkalemia due to impaired excretion. Blood pressure must be controlled to slow disease progression, and fluid intake should be limited based on input and output to prevent pulmonary edema. Protein intake should be restricted rather than increased to minimize the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products like BUN.