病人獲開立舌下含服硝酸甘油治療心絞痛。護理師應提供哪些指導？（選所有適合的）
A patient is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
- AStore the tablets in the original amber-colored bottle✓ 正解將錠劑存放在原廠棕色瓶中
- BPlace one tablet under the tongue if chest pain occurs✓ 正解若發生胸痛，將一片錠劑含於舌下
- CSeek emergency care if pain persists after three doses✓ 正解若服用三劑後疼痛仍未緩解，請尋求緊急醫療救助
- DTake the medication with a full glass of water與一杯清水同服
- EKeep the tablets in the refrigerator to prolong shelf life將錠劑存放在冰箱中以延長保存期限
硝酸甘油（Nitroglycerin）是治療心絞痛的一線藥物，其核心在於正確保存與使用方法。由於藥物對光線與熱極度敏感，會降低藥效，因此必須儲存在原始遮光瓶中。使用時，採舌下含服以繞過肝臟首渡效應（First-pass effect）達到快速緩解。若含服後胸痛未緩解，需每 5 分鐘補充一次，上限為 3 次，若仍無效則視為急性冠心症（ACS）徵兆，必須立即就醫以防心肌梗塞。臨床思路應強調「病人教育」以促進用藥安全性，避免因藥物失效而耽誤黃金救治時間。
Nitroglycerin tablets must be stored in their original amber-colored container to protect them from light degradation, which reduces efficacy. Clients should place one tablet under the tongue for rapid absorption during angina attacks and seek emergency care if pain persists after three doses taken five minutes apart, as this may indicate a myocardial infarction.
台美在藥物存放衛教上一致。美國臨床特別強調若病人含服第一劑後症狀未好轉，應立即撥打 911 而非等待 3 劑全服用完，NCLEX 考試中若出現此選項需優先選取。